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Toward Protocol-Level Quantum Safety in Bitcoin A Formal, Adversarial, and Invariant-Driven Treatment

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Issuer
did:web:openxiv.net
Verification method
did:web:openxiv.net#atproto
Generated
5/28/2026, 10:47:39 AM
Evidence digest
sha256-ozZcbzAmE6Ek7kBNXdsfPp2C5gt07Oy6_nHsRYVR3oI
Signature
pekg-j52umGShj2loGvUFem0GOUiv6Ut6JXTmqDrkUwYKTm85aqZdHtfbfb4sPFqI7KVx5v79GVlU30MQGEEBw
Transparency openxiv-transparency-v1.0 Partial
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 4 verified 1 need attention

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  • Structured AI-use disclosure Verified Author submitted the formal AI-use questionnaire. Action: Submit the structured AI-use disclosure.
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Identity openxiv-identity-v1.0 Strong
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 4 verified
  • Submitter DID parses as resolvable Verified Submitter signs with a did:plc or did:web identity. Action: Publish under a valid did:plc or did:web identity.
  • At least one ORCID-identified author Verified One or more authors have an ORCID iD attached. Action: Attach ORCID iDs for at least one author, ideally all authors.
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Provenance openxiv-provenance-v1.0 Strong
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 4 verified 1 pending

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  • Lifecycle provenance completion Pending Lifecycle timeline has not been computed yet. Action: Recompute the provenance timeline.
Citations openxiv-citations-v1.0 Strong
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 20 verified
  • Citation {fips186-5} Verified Resolved {fips186-5} via URL. {fips186-5} https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/186/5/final url medium confidence
  • Citation {bip340} Verified Resolved {bip340} via URL. {bip340} https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki url medium confidence
  • Citation {bip341} Verified Resolved {bip341} via URL. {bip341} https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki url medium confidence
  • Citation {bip342} Verified Resolved {bip342} via URL. {bip342} https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki url medium confidence
  • Citation {shor1994algorithms} Verified Resolved {shor1994algorithms} via DOI. {shor1994algorithms} 10.1109/SFCS.1994.365700 doi high confidence
  • Citation {grover1996fast} Verified Resolved {grover1996fast} via DOI. {grover1996fast} 10.1145/237814.237866 doi high confidence
  • Citation {zalka1999grover} Verified Resolved {zalka1999grover} via DOI. {zalka1999grover} 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2746 doi high confidence
  • Citation {garay2015bitcoin} Verified Resolved {garay2015bitcoin} via DOI. {garay2015bitcoin} 10.1007/978-3-662-46803-6_10 doi high confidence
  • Citation {gmr1988} Verified Resolved {gmr1988} via DOI. {gmr1988} 10.1137/0217017 doi high confidence
  • Citation {boneh2013quantum} Verified Resolved {boneh2013quantum} via URL. {boneh2013quantum} https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/088 url medium confidence
  • Citation {fips204} Verified Resolved {fips204} via URL. {fips204} https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/204/final url medium confidence
  • Citation {fips205} Verified Resolved {fips205} via URL. {fips205} https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/205/final url medium confidence
  • Citation {proos2003shor} Verified Resolved {proos2003shor} via ARXIV. {proos2003shor} arXiv:quant-ph/0301141 arxiv high confidence
  • Citation {aggarwal2018quantum} Verified Resolved {aggarwal2018quantum} via ARXIV. {aggarwal2018quantum} arXiv:1710.10377 arxiv high confidence
  • Citation {bip141} Verified Resolved {bip141} via URL. {bip141} https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki url medium confidence
  • Citation {shoup2004sequences} Verified Resolved {shoup2004sequences} via URL. {shoup2004sequences} https://eprint.iacr.org/2004/332 url medium confidence
  • Citation {bellare2006security} Verified Resolved {bellare2006security} via DOI. {bellare2006security} 10.1007/11761679_25 doi high confidence
  • Citation {boneh2011random} Verified Resolved {boneh2011random} via DOI. {boneh2011random} 10.1007/978-3-642-25385-0_3 doi high confidence
  • Citation {zhandry2012how} Verified Resolved {zhandry2012how} via DOI. {zhandry2012how} 10.1109/FOCS.2012.37 doi high confidence
  • Citation {pass2017analysis} Verified Resolved {pass2017analysis} via DOI. {pass2017analysis} 10.1007/978-3-319-56614-6_22 doi high confidence
Math openxiv-math-v1.0 Partial
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 8 verified 1 need attention

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  • Formula evidence 1 Verified Formula-like expression found in Untitled section. formula Untitled section medium confidence \(\mathsf{UTXO}\)
  • Formal structure 1 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in Untitled section. formal statement Untitled section medium confidence Toward Protocol-Level Quantum Safety in Bitcoin A Formal, Adversarial, and Invariant-Driven Treatment ``Quantum-safe Bitcoin'' is not a property of a subset of well-behaved transactions.
  • Formal structure 2 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in Untitled section. formal statement Untitled section medium confidence All results are supported by formal artifacts: a TLA+ model exhaustively checked by TLC (zero invariant violations across 492 states; concrete counterexample for the migration dilemma) and Coq-mechanized proofs of spend...
  • Formal structure 3 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in Untitled section. formal statement Untitled section medium confidence Toward Protocol-Level Quantum Safety in Bitcoin A Formal, Adversarial, and Invariant-Driven Treatment Mayckon Giovani (April 2026 (Draft for review))
  • Formal structure 4 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in 1 Introduction. formal statement 1 Introduction medium confidence At a minimum, protocol-level quantum safety requires: 1. a deterministic, total validation predicate and transition function (consensus is a state machine, not an API); 2. a game-based authorization definition against Q...
  • Formal structure 5 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in What is proven.. formal statement What is proven. medium confidence This paper proves the following results, all conditional on explicitly stated axioms: (i) consensus invariants (no double spend, state consistency, determinism) are preserved across all valid transitions (Theorems 1, 2)...
  • Formal structure 6 Verified Formal statement/proof cue found in What is assumed.. formal statement What is assumed. medium confidence The following are explicit axioms or implementation obligations, not proven in this paper: (a) the deployed sighash implementation satisfies the commitment property (Definition 5), including consensus-semantic injectivi...
  • Source archive for math audit Verified Source archive is retained for independent formula and derivation checks. source archive high confidence
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Integrity openxiv-integrity-v1.0 Partial
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 2 verified 1 need attention 1 not applicable

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  • Undisclosed-AI detector Not applicable Detector is not used as a penalty because the author disclosed AI use.
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Social Review openxiv-social-review-v1.0 Partial
Evidence summary OpenXiv checks 0 verified 2 need attention 1 not applicable

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  • Public lane disputes addressed Not applicable No public Passport disputes are currently filed.

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